In the case a child is taken away without the consent of the single mother, what legal actions can a single mother take?

The single mother can file a civil and/or criminal case under Republic Act No. 90262, or “The Anti-Violence Act against Women and Children”.  Or, the single mother can also choose to file kidnapping charges under the Revised Penal Code.

In case the father, who had been given access, takes the child away contrary to the terms under which he was given access, the single mother can sue him under RA No. 9262 or file a petition for contempt against him for violating any court order.